Universal Declaration Of Human Rights
(UDHR)
Universal Declaration of
Human Rights
PREAMBLE
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the
equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the
foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have
resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and
the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and
belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest
aspiration of the common people,
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled
to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and
oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of
friendly relations between nations,
Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the
Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and
worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have
determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger
freedom,
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to
achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal
respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and
freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,
Now, therefore,
The General Assembly
The General Assembly
proclaims
This Universal Declaration of Human Rights
as a common standard of
achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual
and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall
strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and
freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure
their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the
peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under
their jurisdiction.
All human beings are born
free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and
conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Everyone is entitled to all
the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of
any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other
opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
Furthermore, no distinction
shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international
status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be
independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of
sovereignty.
Everyone has the right to
life, liberty and security of person.
No one shall be held in
slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all
their forms.
No one shall be subjected
to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Everyone has the right to
recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
All are equal before the
law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law.
All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of
this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
Everyone has the right to
an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the
fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
No one shall be subjected
to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Everyone is entitled in
full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial
tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any
criminal charge against him.
(1) Everyone charged with a
penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty
according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees
necessary for his defence.
(2) No one shall be held
guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not
constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time
when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that
was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
No one shall be subjected
to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor
to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the
protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
(1) Everyone has the right
to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State.
(2) Everyone has the right
to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
(1) Everyone has the right
to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
(2) This right may not be
invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes
or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
(1) Everyone has the right
to a nationality.
(2) No one shall be
arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his
nationality.
(1) Men and women of full
age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the
right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to
marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
(2) Marriage shall be
entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
(3) The family is the
natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by
society and the State.
(1) Everyone has the right
to own property alone as well as in association with others.
(2) No one shall be
arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Everyone has the right to
freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to
change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with
others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in
teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Everyone has the right to
freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions
without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas
through any media and regardless of frontiers.
(1) Everyone has the right
to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
(2) No one may be compelled
to belong to an association.
(1) Everyone has the right
to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely
chosen representatives.
(2) Everyone has the right
to equal access to public service in his country.
(3) The will of the people
shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed
in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal
suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting
procedures.
Everyone, as a member of
society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization,
through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with
the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and
cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his
personality.
(1) Everyone has the right
to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of
work and to protection against unemployment.
(2) Everyone, without any
discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
(3) Everyone who works has
the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his
family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by
other means of social protection.
(4) Everyone has the right
to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.
Everyone has the right to
rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic
holidays with pay.
(1) Everyone has the right
to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and
of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary
social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment,
sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in
circumstances beyond his control.
(2) Motherhood and
childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether
born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
(1) Everyone has the right
to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and
fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and
professional education shall be made generally available and higher education
shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
(2) Education shall be
directed to the full development of the human personality and to the
strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall
promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or
religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for
the maintenance of peace.
(3) Parents have a prior
right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.
(1) Everyone has the right
freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts
and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
(2) Everyone has the right
to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any
scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.
Everyone is entitled to a
social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in
this Declaration can be fully realized.
(1) Everyone has duties to
the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality
is possible.
(2) In the exercise of his
rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are
determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and
respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just
requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic
society.
(3) These rights and
freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of
the United Nations.
Nothing in this Declaration
may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to
engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of
the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
United Nations Charter
INTRODUCTORY
NOTE
The Charter of the United Nations was signed on 26
June 1945, in San Francisco, at the conclusion of the United Nations Conference
on International Organization, and came into force on 24 October 1945. The
Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the
Charter.
Amendments to Articles 23, 27 and 61 of the Charter
were adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 1963 and came into force on
31 August 1965. A further amendment to Article 61 was adopted by the General
Assembly on 20 December 1971, and came into force on 24 September 1973. An
amendment to Article 109, adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 1965,
came into force on 12 June 1968.
The amendment to Article 23 enlarges the membership
of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen. The amended Article 27 provides
that decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by
an affirmative vote of nine members (formerly seven) and on all other matters
by an affirmative vote of nine members (formerly seven), including the
concurring votes of the five permanent members of the Security Council.
The amendment to Article 61, which entered into
force on 31 August 1965, enlarged the membership of the Economic and Social
Council from eighteen to twenty-seven. The subsequent amendment to that
Article, which entered into force on 24 September 1973, further increased the
membership of the Council from twenty-seven to fifty-four.
The amendment to Article 109, which relates to the
first paragraph of that Article, provides that a General Conference of Member
States for the purpose of reviewing the Charter may be held at a date and place
to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the members of the General Assembly and by
a vote of any nine members (formerly seven) of the Security Council. Paragraph
3 of Article 109, which deals with the consideration of a possible review
conference during the tenth regular session of the General Assembly, has been
retained in its original form in its reference to a "vote, of any seven
members of the Security Council", the paragraph having been acted upon in
1955 by the General Assembly, at its tenth regular session, and by the Security
Council.
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PREAMBLE
WE THE
PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED
- to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and
- to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and
- to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and
- to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
AND FOR
THESE ENDS
- to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and
- to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and
- to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and
- to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,
HAVE
RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMS
Accordingly, our respective Governments, through
representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited
their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present
Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international
organization to be known as the United Nations.
CHAPTER I: PURPOSES AND PRINCIPLES
The Purposes of the United Nations are:
- To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;
- To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;
- To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and
- To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.
The Organization and its
Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in
accordance with the following Principles.
- The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members.
- All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.
- All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.
- All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.
- All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action.
- The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.
- Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter Vll.
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CHAPTER II: MEMBERSHIP
The original Members of the
United Nations shall be the states which, having participated in the United
Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having
previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the
present Charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110.
- Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.
- The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.
A Member of the United
Nations against which preventive or enforcement action has been taken by the
Security Council may be suspended from the exercise of the rights and
privileges of membership by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the
Security Council. The exercise of these rights and privileges may be restored
by the Security Council.
A Member of the United
Nations which has persistently violated the Principles contained in the present
Charter may be expelled from the Organization by the General Assembly upon the
recommendation of the Security Council.
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CHAPTER III: ORGANS
- There are established as principal organs of the United Nations: a General Assembly, a Security Council, an Economic and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an International Court of Justice and a Secretariat.
- Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with the present Charter.
The United Nations shall
place no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any
capacity and under conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary
organs.
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Article 9
- The General Assembly shall consist of all the Members of the United Nations.
- Each Member shall have not more than five representatives in the General Assembly.
FUNCTIONS and POWERS
The General Assembly may
discuss any questions or any matters within the scope of the present Charter or
relating to the powers and functions of any organs provided for in the present
Charter, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recommendations to the
Members of the United Nations or to the Security Council or to both on any such
questions or matters.
- The General Assembly may consider the general principles of co-operation in the maintenance of international peace and security, including the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with regard to such principles to the Members or to the Security Council or to both.
- The General Assembly may discuss any questions relating to the maintenance of international peace and security brought before it by any Member of the United Nations, or by the Security Council, or by a state which is not a Member of the United Nations in accordance with Article 35, paragraph 2, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recommendations with regard to any such questions to the state or states concerned or to the Security Council or to both. Any such question on which action is necessary shall be referred to the Security Council by the General Assembly either before or after discussion.
- The General Assembly may call the attention of the Security Council to situations which are likely to endanger international peace and security.
- The powers of the General Assembly set forth in this Article shall not limit the general scope of Article 10.
- While the Security Council is exercising in respect of any dispute or situation the functions assigned to it in the present Charter, the General Assembly shall not make any recommendation with regard to that dispute or situation unless the Security Council so requests.
- The Secretary-General, with the consent of the Security Council, shall notify the General Assembly at each session of any matters relative to the maintenance of international peace and security which are being dealt with by the Security Council and shall similarly notify the General Assembly, or the Members of the United Nations if the General Assembly is not in session, immediately the Security Council ceases to deal with such matters.
- The General Assembly shall initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of: a. promoting international co-operation in the political field and encouraging the progressive development of international law and its codification; b. promoting international co-operation in the economic, social, cultural, educational, and health fields, and assisting in the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.
- The further responsibilities, functions and powers of the General Assembly with respect to matters mentioned in paragraph 1 (b) above are set forth in Chapters IX and X.
Subject to the provisions
of Article 12, the General Assembly may recommend measures for the peaceful
adjustment of any situation, regardless of origin, which it deems likely to
impair the general welfare or friendly relations among nations, including
situations resulting from a violation of the provisions of the present Charter
setting forth the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.
- The General Assembly shall receive and consider annual and special reports from the Security Council; these reports shall include an account of the measures that the Security Council has decided upon or taken to maintain international peace and security.
- The General Assembly shall receive and consider reports from the other organs of the United Nations.
The General Assembly shall
perform such functions with respect to the international trusteeship system as
are assigned to it under Chapters XII and XIII, including the approval of the
trusteeship agreements for areas not designated as strategic.
- The General Assembly shall consider and approve the budget of the Organization.
- The expenses of the Organization shall be borne by the Members as apportioned by the General Assembly.
- The General Assembly shall consider and approve any financial and budgetary arrangements with specialized agencies referred to in Article 57 and shall examine the administrative budgets of such specialized agencies with a view to making recommendations to the agencies concerned.
VOTING
- Each member of the General Assembly shall have one vote.
- Decisions of the General Assembly on important questions shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of international peace and security, the election of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, the election of the members of the Economic and Social Council, the election of members of the Trusteeship Council in accordance with paragraph 1 (c) of Article 86, the admission of new Members to the United Nations, the suspension of the rights and privileges of membership, the expulsion of Members, questions relating to the operation of the trusteeship system, and budgetary questions.
- Decisions on other questions, including the determination of additional categories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds majority, shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.
A Member of the United
Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to
the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of
its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for
the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit
such a Member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to
conditions beyond the control of the Member.
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CHAPTER V: THE SECURITY COUNCIL
COMPOSITION
- The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution.
- The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non-permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election.
- Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative.
FUNCTIONS and POWERS
- In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United Nations, its Members confer on the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and agree that in carrying out its duties under this responsibility the Security Council acts on their behalf.
- In discharging these duties the Security Council shall act in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations. The specific powers granted to the Security Council for the discharge of these duties are laid down in Chapters VI, VII, VIII, and XII.
- The Security Council shall submit annual and, when necessary, special reports to the General Assembly for its consideration.
The Members of the United
Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council in
accordance with the present Charter.
In order to promote the
establishment and maintenance of international peace and security with the
least diversion for armaments of the world's human and economic resources, the
Security Council shall be responsible for formulating, with the assistance of
the Military Staff Committee referred to in Article 47, plans to be submitted
to the Members of the United Nations for the establishment of a system for the
regulation of armaments.
VOTING
- Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote.
- Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members.
- Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.
PROCEDURE
- The Security Council shall be so organized as to be able to function continuously. Each member of the Security Council shall for this purpose be represented at all times at the seat of the Organization.
- The Security Council shall hold periodic meetings at which each of its members may, if it so desires, be represented by a member of the government or by some other specially designated representative.
- The Security Council may hold meetings at such places other than the seat of the Organization as in its judgment will best facilitate its work.
The Security Council may
establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of
its functions.
The Security Council shall
adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its
President.
Any Member of the United
Nations which is not a member of the Security Council may participate, without
vote, in the discussion of any question brought before the Security Council
whenever the latter considers that the interests of that Member are specially
affected.
Any Member of the United
Nations which is not a member of the Security Council or any state which is not
a Member of the United Nations, if it is a party to a dispute under
consideration by the Security Council, shall be invited to participate, without
vote, in the discussion relating to the dispute. The Security Council shall lay
down such conditions as it deems just for the participation of a state which is
not a Member of the United Nations.
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CHAPTER VI: PACIFIC SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES
- The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice.
- The Security Council shall, when it deems necessary, call upon the parties to settle their dispute by such means.
The Security Council may
investigate any dispute, or any situation which might lead to international
friction or give rise to a dispute, in order to determine whether the
continuance of the dispute or situation is likely to endanger the maintenance
of international peace and security.
- Any Member of the United Nations may bring any dispute, or any situation of the nature referred to in Article 34, to the attention of the Security Council or of the General Assembly.
- A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may bring to the attention of the Security Council or of the General Assembly any dispute to which it is a party if it accepts in advance, for the purposes of the dispute, the obligations of pacific settlement provided in the present Charter.
- The proceedings of the General Assembly in respect of matters brought to its attention under this Article will be subject to the provisions of Articles 11 and 12.
- The Security Council may, at any stage of a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 or of a situation of like nature, recommend appropriate procedures or methods of adjustment.
- The Security Council should take into consideration any procedures for the settlement of the dispute which have already been adopted by the parties.
- In making recommendations under this Article the Security Council should also take into consideration that legal disputes should as a general rule be referred by the parties to the International Court of Justice in accordance with the provisions of the Statute of the Court.
- Should the parties to a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 fail to settle it by the means indicated in that Article, they shall refer it to the Security Council.
- If the Security Council deems that the continuance of the dispute is in fact likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, it shall decide whether to take action under Article 36 or to recommend such terms of settlement as it may consider appropriate.
Without prejudice to the
provisions of Articles 33 to 37, the Security Council may, if all the parties
to any dispute so request, make recommendations to the parties with a view to a
pacific settlement of the dispute.
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CHAPTER VII: ACTION WITH RESPECT TO THREATS TO THE PEACE, BREACHES OF
THE PEACE, AND ACTS OF AGGRESSION
The Security Council shall
determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act
of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be
taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international
peace and security.
In order to prevent an
aggravation of the situation, the Security Council may, before making the
recommendations or deciding upon the measures provided for in Article 39, call
upon the parties concerned to comply with such provisional measures as it deems
necessary or desirable. Such provisional measures shall be without prejudice to
the rights, claims, or position of the parties concerned. The Security Council
shall duly take account of failure to comply with such provisional measures.
The Security Council may
decide what measures not involving the use of armed force are to be employed to
give effect to its decisions, and it may call upon the Members of the United
Nations to apply such measures. These may include complete or partial
interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic,
radio, and other means of communication, and the severance of diplomatic
relations.
Should the Security Council
consider that measures provided for in Article 41 would be inadequate or have
proved to be inadequate, it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as
may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such
action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea,
or land forces of Members of the United Nations.
- All Members of the United Nations, in order to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security, undertake to make available to the Security Council, on its call and in accordance with a special agreement or agreements, armed forces, assistance, and facilities, including rights of passage, necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.
- Such agreement or agreements shall govern the numbers and types of forces, their degree of readiness and general location, and the nature of the facilities and assistance to be provided.
- The agreement or agreements shall be negotiated as soon as possible on the initiative of the Security Council. They shall be concluded between the Security Council and Members or between the Security Council and groups of Members and shall be subject to ratification by the signatory states in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.
When the Security Council
has decided to use force it shall, before calling upon a Member not represented
on it to provide armed forces in fulfilment of the obligations assumed under
Article 43, invite that Member, if the Member so desires, to participate in the
decisions of the Security Council concerning the employment of contingents of
that Member's armed forces.
In order to enable the
United Nations to take urgent military measures, Members shall hold immediately
available national air-force contingents for combined international enforcement
action. The strength and degree of readiness of these contingents and plans for
their combined action shall be determined within the limits laid down in the
special agreement or agreements referred to in Article 43, by the Security
Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee.
Plans for the application
of armed force shall be made by the Security Council with the assistance of the
Military Staff Committee.
- There shall be established a Military Staff Committee to advise and assist the Security Council on all questions relating to the Security Council's military requirements for the maintenance of international peace and security, the employment and command of forces placed at its disposal, the regulation of armaments, and possible disarmament.
- The Military Staff Committee shall consist of the Chiefs of Staff of the permanent members of the Security Council or their representatives. Any Member of the United Nations not permanently represented on the Committee shall be invited by the Committee to be associated with it when the efficient discharge of the Committee's responsibilities requires the participation of that Member in its work.
- The Military Staff Committee shall be responsible under the Security Council for the strategic direction of any armed forces placed at the disposal of the Security Council. Questions relating to the command of such forces shall be worked out subsequently.
- The Military Staff Committee, with the authorization of the Security Council and after consultation with appropriate regional agencies, may establish regional sub-committees.
- The action required to carry out the decisions of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security shall be taken by all the Members of the United Nations or by some of them, as the Security Council may determine.
- Such decisions shall be carried out by the Members of the United Nations directly and through their action in the appropriate international agencies of which they are members.
The Members of the United
Nations shall join in affording mutual assistance in carrying out the measures
decided upon by the Security Council.
If preventive or
enforcement measures against any state are taken by the Security Council, any
other state, whether a Member of the United Nations or not, which finds itself
confronted with special economic problems arising from the carrying out of
those measures shall have the right to consult the Security Council with regard
to a solution of those problems.
Nothing in the present
Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective
self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations,
until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain
international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of
this right of self-defence shall be immediately reported to the Security
Council and shall not in any way affect the authority and responsibility of the
Security Council under the present Charter to take at any time such action as
it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and
security.
--
CHAPTER VIII: REGIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
- Nothing in the present Charter precludes the existence of regional arrangements or agencies for dealing with such matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security as are appropriate for regional action provided that such arrangements or agencies and their activities are consistent with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.
- The Members of the United Nations entering into such arrangements or constituting such agencies shall make every effort to achieve pacific settlement of local disputes through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies before referring them to the Security Council.
- The Security Council shall encourage the development of pacific settlement of local disputes through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies either on the initiative of the states concerned or by reference from the Security Council.
- This Article in no way impairs the application of Articles 34 and 35.
- The Security Council shall, where appropriate, utilize such regional arrangements or agencies for enforcement action under its authority. But no enforcement action shall be taken under regional arrangements or by regional agencies without the authorization of the Security Council, with the exception of measures against any enemy state, as defined in paragraph 2 of this Article, provided for pursuant to Article 107 or in regional arrangements directed against renewal of aggressive policy on the part of any such state, until such time as the Organization may, on request of the Governments concerned, be charged with the responsibility for preventing further aggression by such a state.
- The term enemy state as used in paragraph 1 of this Article applies to any state which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory of the present Charter.
The Security Council shall
at all times be kept fully informed of activities undertaken or in
contemplation under regional arrangements or by regional agencies for the
maintenance of international peace and security.
--
CHAPTER IX: INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CO-OPERATION
With a view to the creation
of conditions of stability and well-being which are necessary for peaceful and
friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal
rights and self-determination of peoples, the United Nations shall promote:
- higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development;
- solutions of international economic, social, health, and related problems; and international cultural and educational cooperation; and
- universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.
All Members pledge
themselves to take joint and separate action in co-operation with the
Organization for the achievement of the purposes set forth in Article 55.
- The various specialized agencies, established by intergovernmental agreement and having wide international responsibilities, as defined in their basic instruments, in economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related fields, shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 63.
- Such agencies thus brought into relationship with the United Nations are hereinafter referred to as specialized agencies.
The Organization shall make
recommendations for the co-ordination of the policies and activities of the
specialized agencies.
The Organization shall,
where appropriate, initiate negotiations among the states concerned for the
creation of any new specialized agencies required for the accomplishment of the
purposes set forth in Article 55.
Responsibility for the
discharge of the functions of the Organization set forth in this Chapter shall
be vested in the General Assembly and, under the authority of the General
Assembly, in the Economic and Social Council, which shall have for this purpose
the powers set forth in Chapter X.
--
CHAPTER X: THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
COMPOSITION
- The Economic and Social Council shall consist of fifty-four Members of the United Nations elected by the General Assembly.
- Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, eighteen members of the Economic and Social Council shall be elected each year for a term of three years. A retiring member shall be eligible for immediate re-election.
- At the first election after the increase in the membership of the Economic and Social Council from twenty-seven to fifty-four members, in addition to the members elected in place of the nine members whose term of office expires at the end of that year, twenty-seven additional members shall be elected. Of these twenty-seven additional members, the term of office of nine members so elected shall expire at the end of one year, and of nine other members at the end of two years, in accordance with arrangements made by the General Assembly.
- Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one representative.
FUNCTIONS and POWERS
- The Economic and Social Council may make or initiate studies and reports with respect to international economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related matters and may make recommendations with respect to any such matters to the General Assembly to the Members of the United Nations, and to the specialized agencies concerned.
- It may make recommendations for the purpose of promoting respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all.
- It may prepare draft conventions for submission to the General Assembly, with respect to matters falling within its competence.
- It may call, in accordance with the rules prescribed by the United Nations, international conferences on matters falling within its competence.
- The Economic and Social Council may enter into agreements with any of the agencies referred to in Article 57, defining the terms on which the agency concerned shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations. Such agreements shall be subject to approval by the General Assembly.
- It may co-ordinate the activities of the specialized agencies through consultation with and recommendations to such agencies and through recommendations to the General Assembly and to the Members of the United Nations.
- The Economic and Social Council may take appropriate steps to obtain regular reports from the specialized agencies. It may make arrangements with the Members of the United Nations and with the specialized agencies to obtain reports on the steps taken to give effect to its own recommendations and to recommendations on matters falling within its competence made by the General Assembly.
- It may communicate its observations on these reports to the General Assembly.
The Economic and Social
Council may furnish information to the Security Council and shall assist the
Security Council upon its request.
- The Economic and Social Council shall perform such functions as fall within its competence in connection with the carrying out of the recommendations of the General Assembly.
- It may, with the approval of the General Assembly, perform services at the request of Members of the United Nations and at the request of specialized agencies.
- It shall perform such other functions as are specified elsewhere in the present Charter or as may be assigned to it by the General Assembly.
VOTING
- Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one vote.
- Decisions of the Economic and Social Council shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.
PROCEDURE
The Economic and Social
Council shall set up commissions in economic and social fields and for the
promotion of human rights, and such other commissions as may be required for
the performance of its functions.
The Economic and Social
Council shall invite any Member of the United Nations to participate, without
vote, in its deliberations on any matter of particular concern to that Member.
The Economic and Social
Council may make arrangements for representatives of the specialized agencies
to participate, without vote, in its deliberations and in those of the
commissions established by it, and for its representatives to participate in
the deliberations of the specialized agencies.
The Economic and Social
Council may make suitable arrangements for consultation with non-governmental
organizations which are concerned with matters within its competence. Such
arrangements may be made with international organizations and, where
appropriate, with national organizations after consultation with the Member of
the United Nations concerned.
- The Economic and Social Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.
- The Economic and Social Council shall meet as required in accordance with its rules, which shall include provision for the convening of meetings on the request of a majority of its members.
--
CHAPTER XI: DECLARATION REGARDING NON-SELF-GOVERNING TERRITORIES
Members of the United
Nations which have or assume responsibilities for the administration of
territories whose peoples have not yet attained a full measure of
self-government recognize the principle that the interests of the inhabitants
of these territories are paramount, and accept as a sacred trust the obligation
to promote to the utmost, within the system of international peace and security
established by the present Charter, the well-being of the inhabitants of these
territories, and, to this end:
- to ensure, with due respect for the culture of the peoples concerned, their political, economic, social, and educational advancement, their just treatment, and their protection against abuses;
- to develop self-government, to take due account of the political aspirations of the peoples, and to assist them in the progressive development of their free political institutions, according to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and their varying stages of advancement;
- to further international peace and security;
- to promote constructive measures of development, to encourage research, and to co-operate with one another and, when and where appropriate, with specialized international bodies with a view to the practical achievement of the social, economic, and scientific purposes set forth in this Article; and
- to transmit regularly to the Secretary-General for information purposes, subject to such limitation as security and constitutional considerations may require, statistical and other information of a technical nature relating to economic, social, and educational conditions in the territories for which they are respectively responsible other than those territories to which Chapters XII and XIII apply.
Members of the United
Nations also agree that their policy in respect of the territories to which
this Chapter applies, no less than in respect of their metropolitan areas, must
be based on the general principle of good-neighbourliness, due account being
taken of the interests and well-being of the rest of the world, in social,
economic, and commercial matters.
--
CHAPTER XII: INTERNATIONAL TRUSTEESHIP SYSTEM
The United Nations shall
establish under its authority an international trusteeship system for the
administration and supervision of such territories as may be placed thereunder
by subsequent individual agreements. These territories are hereinafter referred
to as trust territories.
The basic objectives of the
trusteeship system, in accordance with the Purposes of the United Nations laid
down in Article 1 of the present Charter, shall be:
- to further international peace and security;
- to promote the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the inhabitants of the trust territories, and their progressive development towards self-government or independence as may be appropriate to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned, and as may be provided by the terms of each trusteeship agreement;
- to encourage respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion, and to encourage recognition of the interdependence of the peoples of the world; and
- to ensure equal treatment in social, economic, and commercial matters for all Members of the United Nations and their nationals, and also equal treatment for the latter in the administration of justice, without prejudice to the attainment of the foregoing objectives and subject to the provisions of Article 80.
- The trusteeship system shall apply to such
territories in the following categories as may be placed thereunder by
means of trusteeship agreements:
a. territories now held under mandate;
b. territories which may be detached from enemy states as a result of the Second World War; and
c. territories voluntarily placed under the system by states responsible for their administration. - It will be a matter for subsequent agreement as to which territories in the foregoing categories will be brought under the trusteeship system and upon what terms.
The trusteeship system
shall not apply to territories which have become Members of the United Nations,
relationship among which shall be based on respect for the principle of
sovereign equality.
The terms of trusteeship
for each territory to be placed under the trusteeship system, including any
alteration or amendment, shall be agreed upon by the states directly concerned,
including the mandatory power in the case of territories held under mandate by
a Member of the United Nations, and shall be approved as provided for in
Articles 83 and 85.
- Except as may be agreed upon in individual trusteeship agreements, made under Articles 77, 79, and 81, placing each territory under the trusteeship system, and until such agreements have been concluded, nothing in this Chapter shall be construed in or of itself to alter in any manner the rights whatsoever of any states or any peoples or the terms of existing international instruments to which Members of the United Nations may respectively be parties.
- Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be interpreted as giving grounds for delay or postponement of the negotiation and conclusion of agreements for placing mandated and other territories under the trusteeship system as provided for in Article 77.
The trusteeship agreement
shall in each case include the terms under which the trust territory will be
administered and designate the authority which will exercise the administration
of the trust territory. Such authority, hereinafter called the administering
authority, may be one or more states or the Organization itself.
There may be designated, in
any trusteeship agreement, a strategic area or areas which may include part or
all of the trust territory to which the agreement applies, without prejudice to
any special agreement or agreements made under Article 43.
- All functions of the United Nations relating to strategic areas, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and of their alteration or amendment shall be exercised by the Security Council.
- The basic objectives set forth in Article 76 shall be applicable to the people of each strategic area.
- The Security Council shall, subject to the provisions of the trusteeship agreements and without prejudice to security considerations, avail itself of the assistance of the Trusteeship Council to perform those functions of the United Nations under the trusteeship system relating to political, economic, social, and educational matters in the strategic areas.
It shall be the duty of the
administering authority to ensure that the trust territory shall play its part
in the maintenance of international peace and security. To this end the
administering authority may make use of volunteer forces, facilities, and
assistance from the trust territory in carrying out the obligations towards the
Security Council undertaken in this regard by the administering authority, as
well as for local defence and the maintenance of law and order within the trust
territory.
- The functions of the United Nations with regard to trusteeship agreements for all areas not designated as strategic, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and of their alteration or amendment, shall be exercised by the General Assembly.
- The Trusteeship Council, operating under the authority of the General Assembly shall assist the General Assembly in carrying out these functions.
--
CHAPTER XIII: THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL
COMPOSITION
- The Trusteeship Council shall consist of
the following Members of the United Nations:
a. those Members administering trust territories;
b. such of those Members mentioned by name in Article 23 as are not administering trust territories; and
c. as many other Members elected for three-year terms by the General Assembly as may be necessary to ensure that the total number of members of the Trusteeship Council is equally divided between those Members of the United Nations which administer trust territories and those which do not. - Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall designate one specially qualified person to represent it therein.
FUNCTIONS and POWERS
The General Assembly and,
under its authority, the Trusteeship Council, in carrying out their functions,
may:
- consider reports submitted by the administering authority;
- accept petitions and examine them in consultation with the administering authority;
- provide for periodic visits to the respective trust territories at times agreed upon with the administering authority; and
- take these and other actions in conformity with the terms of the trusteeship agreements.
The Trusteeship Council
shall formulate a questionnaire on the political, economic, social, and
educational advancement of the inhabitants of each trust territory, and the
administering authority for each trust territory within the competence of the
General Assembly shall make an annual report to the General Assembly upon the
basis of such questionnaire.
VOTING
- Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall have one vote.
- Decisions of the Trusteeship Council shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.
PROCEDURE
- The Trusteeship Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.
- The Trusteeship Council shall meet as required in accordance with its rules, which shall include provision for the convening of meetings on the request of a majority of its members.
The Trusteeship Council
shall, when appropriate, avail itself of the assistance of the Economic and
Social Council and of the specialized agencies in regard to matters with which
they are respectively concerned.
--
CHAPTER XIV: THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
The International Court of
Justice shall be the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It shall
function in accordance with the annexed Statute, which is based upon the
Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and forms an integral
part of the present Charter.
- All Members of the United Nations are ipso facto parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice.
- A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may become a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice on conditions to be determined in each case by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.
- Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to comply with the decision of the International Court of Justice in any case to which it is a party.
- If any party to a case fails to perform the obligations incumbent upon it under a judgment rendered by the Court, the other party may have recourse to the Security Council, which may, if it deems necessary, make recommendations or decide upon measures to be taken to give effect to the judgment.
Nothing in the present
Charter shall prevent Members of the United Nations from entrusting the
solution of their differences to other tribunals by virtue of agreements
already in existence or which may be concluded in the future.
- The General Assembly or the Security Council may request the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion on any legal question.
- Other organs of the United Nations and specialized agencies, which may at any time be so authorized by the General Assembly, may also request advisory opinions of the Court on legal questions arising within the scope of their activities.
--
CHAPTER XV: THE SECRETARIAT
The Secretariat shall
comprise a Secretary-General and such staff as the Organization may require.
The Secretary-General shall be appointed by the General Assembly upon the
recommendation of the Security Council. He shall be the chief administrative
officer of the Organization.
The Secretary-General shall
act in that capacity in all meetings of the General Assembly, of the Security
Council, of the Economic and Social Council, and of the Trusteeship Council,
and shall perform such other functions as are entrusted to him by these organs.
The Secretary-General shall make an annual report to the General Assembly on
the work of the Organization.
The Secretary-General may
bring to the attention of the Security Council any matter which in his opinion
may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security.
- In the performance of their duties the Secretary-General and the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any government or from any other authority external to the Organization. They shall refrain from any action which might reflect on their position as international officials responsible only to the Organization.
- Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to respect the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the staff and not to seek to influence them in the discharge of their responsibilities.
- The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.
- Appropriate staffs shall be permanently assigned to the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, and, as required, to other organs of the United Nations. These staffs shall form a part of the Secretariat.
- The paramount consideration in the employment of the staff and in the determination of the conditions of service shall be the necessity of securing the highest standards of efficiency, competence, and integrity. Due regard shall be paid to the importance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis as possible.
--
CHAPTER XVI: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
- Every treaty and every international agreement entered into by any Member of the United Nations after the present Charter comes into force shall as soon as possible be registered with the Secretariat and published by it.
- No party to any such treaty or international agreement which has not been registered in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article may invoke that treaty or agreement before any organ of the United Nations.
In the event of a conflict
between the obligations of the Members of the United Nations under the present
Charter and their obligations under any other international agreement, their
obligations under the present Charter shall prevail.
The Organization shall
enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such legal capacity as may be
necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfilment of its purposes.
- The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes.
- Representatives of the Members of the United Nations and officials of the Organization shall similarly enjoy such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization.
- The General Assembly may make recommendations with a view to determining the details of the application of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article or may propose conventions to the Members of the United Nations for this purpose.
--
CHAPTER XVII: TRANSITIONAL SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS
Pending the coming into
force of such special agreements referred to in Article 43 as in the opinion of
the Security Council enable it to begin the exercise of its responsibilities
under Article 42, the parties to the Four-Nation Declaration, signed at Moscow,
30 October 1943, and France, shall, in accordance with the provisions of
paragraph 5 of that Declaration, consult with one another and as occasion
requires with other Members of the United Nations with a view to such joint
action on behalf of the Organization as may be necessary for the purpose of
maintaining international peace and security.
Nothing in the present
Charter shall invalidate or preclude action, in relation to any state which
during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory to the present
Charter, taken or authorized as a result of that war by the Governments having
responsibility for such action.
--
CHAPTER XVIII: AMENDMENTS
Amendments to the present
Charter shall come into force for all Members of the United Nations when they
have been adopted by a vote of two thirds of the members of the General
Assembly and ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional
processes by two thirds of the Members of the United Nations, including all the
permanent members of the Security Council.
- A General Conference of the Members of the United Nations for the purpose of reviewing the present Charter may be held at a date and place to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any nine members of the Security Council. Each Member of the United Nations shall have one vote in the conference.
- Any alteration of the present Charter recommended by a two-thirds vote of the conference shall take effect when ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional processes by two thirds of the Members of the United Nations including all the permanent members of the Security Council.
- If such a conference has not been held before the tenth annual session of the General Assembly following the coming into force of the present Charter, the proposal to call such a conference shall be placed on the agenda of that session of the General Assembly, and the conference shall be held if so decided by a majority vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any seven members of the Security Council.
--
CHAPTER XIX: RATIFICATION AND SIGNATURE
- The present Charter shall be ratified by the signatory states in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.
- The ratifications shall be deposited with the Government of the United States of America, which shall notify all the signatory states of each deposit as well as the Secretary-General of the Organization when he has been appointed.
- The present Charter shall come into force upon the deposit of ratifications by the Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America, and by a majority of the other signatory states. A protocol of the ratifications deposited shall thereupon be drawn up by the Government of the United States of America which shall communicate copies thereof to all the signatory states.
- The states signatory to the present Charter which ratify it after it has come into force will become original Members of the United Nations on the date of the deposit of their respective ratifications.
The present Charter, of
which the Chinese, French, Russian, English, and Spanish texts are equally
authentic, shall remain deposited in the archives of the Government of the
United States of America. Duly certified copies thereof shall be transmitted by
that Government to the Governments of the other signatory states.
IN FAITH
WHEREOF the representatives of the Governments of the United Nations have
signed the present Charter. DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth
day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five.
Non-Aligned
Movement
16th
Summit Final Document (Introduction)
INTRODUCTION
1. The Heads of State or Government of
the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries1,
met under the Chairmanship of H.E. Dr.
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the President of the
Islamic Republic of Iran, in Tehran on
the 30th and the 31st of August 2012 to address
existing, new and emerging issues of
collective concern and interest of the Non-Aligned
Movement. In this regard, they reaffirmed and underscored the Movement’s abiding
faith in and strong commitment to its
founding principles2, ideals and purposes,
particularly in establishing a
peaceful and prosperous world and a just and equitable
world order as well as to the purposes
and principles enshrined in the United Nations
Charter.
2. The Heads of State or Government affirmed the continued relevance and validity,
and adherence to all principled
positions and decisions of the Movement as contained
in the substantive outcome documents3 of the 15th NAM Summit held in Sharm El
Sheikh, Egypt, on 15th and 16th July
2009, including the Sharm El Sheikh Final
Document and the Sharm El Sheikh
Declaration, and the preceding fourteen Summit
Conferences of the Movement4, as well as all preceding Ministerial Conferences or
Meetings of the Movement, including
the XVI NAM Ministerial Conference and
Commemorative Meeting held in Bali,
Indonesia, in May 2011. Likewise, they expressed
their determination to preserve and
act in keeping with the Bandung Principles and the
purposes and principles of the
Non-Aligned Movement in the present international
juncture as agreed in the Declaration
on the Purposes and Principles and the Role of
the Non-Aligned Movement in the
Present International Juncture5 adopted in the 14th
NAM Summit in Havana, and the Bali
Commemorative Declaration on the fiftieth
anniversary of the establishment of
the Non-Aligned Movement.
3. The Heads of State or Government acknowledged the NAM Chair’s Report on the
Movement’s activities covering from
the 15th NAM Summit held in Sharm El Sheikh to
date, which showed significant
progress in implementing the NAM Plan of Action as
stipulated in the Sharm El Sheikh
Final Document and the Sharm El Sheikh
Declaration, which contributed
positively in the process of strengthening and
revitalizing the
Non-Aligned Movement.
--
(Methodology Of
Work)
CHAPTER I: GLOBAL ISSUES
Review of the
International Situation
4. The Heads of State or Government emphasized that the present global scenario
presents great challenges in the areas
of peace and security, economic development
and social progress, human rights and
the rule of law to Non-Aligned Countries. They
affirmed that many new areas of
concern and challenges have emerged, particularly the
second wave of the global financial
and economic crisis, which warrant the renewal of
commitment by the international
community to uphold and defend the purposes and
principles of the Charter of the
United Nations (UN) and the principles of international
law. In taking stock of developments
at the international level since the XV Summit of
Heads of State or Government of the
Movement, they noted that the collective desire of
the Movement to establish a peaceful
and prosperous world as well as a just and
equitable world order remains
encumbered by fundamental impediments. These
impediments are in the form of, inter alia, the severe adverse impact of the
global
financial and economic crises on the
economic growth and development of developing
countries which could lead to
increasing poverty and deprivation in these countries, the
continuing lack of resources and
underdevelopment of the majority of the developing
world, on the one hand, and in the
form of, inter
alia, the continuing
unequal terms of
trade, and the lack of cooperation
from developed countries, as well as the coercive and
unilateral measures imposed by some of
them and the use of force or the threats of use
of force, on the other hand. The rich
and powerful countries continue to exercise an
inordinate influence in determining
the nature and direction of international relations,
including economic and trade
relations, as well as the rules governing these relations,
many of which are at the expense of
developing countries.
5. The Heads of State or Government reaffirmed that the Movement will remain
guided in its endeavours by its
Founding Principles, the principles enshrined in the
Declaration on the Purposes and
Principles and the Role of the Non-Aligned Movement
in the Present International Juncture
adopted in the 14th NAM Summit in Havana, and
the Bali Commemorative Declaration on
the fiftieth anniversary of the establishment of
the Non-Aligned Movement, as well as
the UN Charter and international law. To this
end, the Movement will continue to
uphold the principles of sovereignty and the
sovereign equality of States,
territorial integrity and non-intervention in the internal
affairs of any State; take effective
measures for the suppression of acts of aggression or
other breaches of peace, to defend,
promote and encourage the settlement of
international disputes by peaceful
means in such a manner that international peace
and security, and justice, are not
endangered; refrain in international relations from
the threat or use of force against the
territorial integrity or political independence of
any State or in any other manner
inconsistent with the purposes and principles of the
UN Charter; develop friendly relations
based on respect for the principle of equal rights
and the self-determination of peoples
in their struggle against foreign occupation;
achieve international cooperation based on
solidarity among peoples and governments
in solving international problems of a
political, economic, social, cultural or
humanitarian character; and promote
and encourage the respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms for all without
distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.
6. The Heads of State or Government noted that the existing, new and emerging
threats and challenges, including the
multiple inter-related and mutually reinforcing
current global crises, continue to
impede efforts by States to attain greater economic
development and social progress, peace
and security, and enjoyment of human rights
and the rule of law. Global peace and
security continue to elude humankind as a result
of, inter alia, increasing tendency by certain States to resort to
unilateralism and
unilaterally imposed measures,
non-fulfilment of the commitments and obligations
assumed under the relevant
international legally binding instruments especially on
weapons of mass destruction and
conventional weapons treaties, terrorism, conflicts,
violations of human rights and
international humanitarian law, the use of double
NAM 2012/Doc.1/Rev.2
6
standards in international relations,
the continuing failure and unwillingness of the
majority of the developed countries to
fulfil their commitments in the economic and
social fields. They underscored the need for the international
community to collectively
redress these situations in accordance
with the UN Charter and the principles of
international law.
7. The Heads of State or Government underlined that Globalization continues to
present opportunities, challenges and
risks to the future and viability of developing
countries, and that the process of
globalization and trade liberalization has produced
uneven benefits among and within
States while the global economy has been
characterized by slow and lopsided
growth and instability. Furthermore, it has made
the developing countries more
vulnerable to the adverse impact of the financial and
economic crises, climate change, and
recurrent food crisis and energy prices volatility.
In its present form, globalization
perpetuates or even increases the marginalization of
developing countries. Therefore,
globalization must be transformed into a positive force
for change for all peoples, benefiting
all countries, and contributing to the prosperity
and empowerment of developing
countries, not their continued impoverishment and
dependence on the developed world. In
addition, greater efforts must be made to
generate a global strategy to
prioritize and mainstream the development dimension into
global processes, and in the relevant
multilateral institutions in order to enable
developing countries to benefit from
the opportunities offered by globalization and trade
liberalization, including through the
creation of an enabling external economic
environment for development which
requires greater coherence between the
international trading, monetary and
financial systems that should be universal, open,
equitable, non-coercive, rule-based,
predictable and non-discriminatory.
8. The revolution in information and
communication technologies continues to
change the world rapidly and in a
fundamental way, thus creating a vast and widening
digital divide between the developed
and developing countries. This digital divide which
has been taking new dimensions,
including a growing gap in broadband connectivity,
must be bridged if developing
countries are to benefit from the globalization process
and of the enormous potentials of ICTs
as important tools for economic, social and
political development. The new
technological innovations must be made more easily
available to developing countries in
their efforts to modernize and revitalize their
economies in pursuit of their
developmental goals and well being of their populations.
In this context, the achievement of
these goals requires an enabling international
environment and the honouring of
commitments and pledges made by States, in
particular the developed countries. In
addition, the Movement underscores the need to
prevent all discriminatory practices
and policies that hinder access by developing
countries to the benefits of
information and communication technologies and to
networks established in developed
countries.
9. The future will present as many
challenges and opportunities as the past and the
Movement must continue to remain strong, cohesive and resilient in
order to address
them and preserve the historic legacy
of the Movement. The continued relevance and
validity of the Movement will depend,
in large measure, on the unity and solidarity of
each of its Member Countries as well
as their ability to influence these changes
positively. In this regard, the
process of the revitalization and strengthening of the
Movement must continue to be
pro-active, advanced and consolidated.
10. The Heads of State or Government recalled the decision of the Summit of the
Organization of African Unity (OAU),
held in Algiers in July 1999, calling for the
restoration of constitutional legality
in States whose governments had come to power
through unconstitutional means, as well
as the principles enshrined in the Constitutive
Act of the African Union adopted in
2000 in Lomé, and in this context, encouraged the
Non-Aligned Countries to continue to
uphold the democratic ideals consistent with the
Founding Principles of the Movement.
11. The Heads of State or Government welcomed the designation by the UN General
Assembly of April 22 as International
Day of Mother Earth, and recognized that the
NAM 2012/Doc.1/Rev.2
7
earth and its ecosystems are home to
humanity. They undertake to raise awareness
about this issue.
Non-Aligned Movement:
Role and Methods of Work
12. Recognizing the aspirations of
their peoples, the Heads of State or Government
reaffirmed the Movement’s irrevocable political
and moral commitment and
determination to and full respect for
the Bandung Principles and those adopted at the
Havana Summit in the Declaration on
the Purposes and Principles and the Role of the
NAM in the Present International
Juncture, the Bali Commemorative Declaration on
the fiftieth anniversary of the
establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement, and the UN
Charter as well as for their
preservation and promotion, with a view to further
consolidate and enhance the Movement’s
role and position as the principal political
platform representing the developing
world in multilateral forums, in particular the
United Nations. In this context, they stressed that achieving the principles, ideals
and
purposes of the Movement hinges upon
the unity, solidarity and cohesion among its
membership, firmly rooted on mutual
respect, respect for diversity and tolerance.
13. The Heads of State or Government reaffirmed that within the implementation of
the Sharm El Sheikh Declaration, which
reflect the institutional positions of the
Movement vis-à-vis various
international issues, and the documents adopted by the
previous NAM Summits and Ministerial
Conferences, due consideration should be given
to maximizing the ability of the
Movement to deal with the current rapidly evolving
global situations, crises and
challenges.
14. The Heads of State or Government determined that if any Member of the
Movement suffers harm, whether this is
economic, political or military in nature, or in
terms of its security, or if a Member
suffers harm as a result of the imposition of
unilateral sanctions or embargos, the
Movement should express its solidarity with the
affected country through the provision
of moral, material and other forms of assistance.
To this end, the Heads of State or
Government will continue to review the Movement’s
existing mechanisms and explore new
mechanisms for rendering such assistance, if
necessary.
15. The Heads of State or Government recalled that the Movement has been playing a
key active, effective and central
role, over the years, on issues of concern and vital
importance to its members, such as
decolonization, apartheid, the situation in the
Middle East including the Question of
Palestine, the maintenance of international
peace and security, and disarmament.
After half of a century of its existence, and
having undergone many challenges and
vicissitudes, it is timely and appropriate to
sustain and further consolidate the
process of strengthening and revitalizing the
Movement and to continue to undertake
actions that allow the Movement to effectively
and efficiently address the main
current challenges facing its Member Countries, as
well as to forge a common vision of
the future. In the context of existing and new
threats and challenges, it is
imperative for the Movement to continue to promote
multilateralism, especially by
strengthening the central role of the United Nations,
including in Global Governance,
defending the interests of developing countries and
preventing their marginalization.
16. The Heads of State or Government welcomed the initiative by the Arab Republic
of Egypt for holding the NAM First
Ladies Summit, in the context of the XV Non-Aligned
Movement Summit in Sharm El Sheikh on
15th and 16th July 2009, under the theme of
“The Role of Women in Crisis
Management”, and for holding the Second NAM First
Ladies Summit, in conjunction with the
World Food Summit in Rome on 15th November
2009, under the theme of “ Food
Security and Women’s access to Resources”, which
reflected the great importance
attached by the Movement to the active and equal
participation of women in addressing
the current global crises and challenges.
17. Recognizing that the year 2011 has
witnessed the 50th Anniversary of the
establishment of the Non-Aligned
Movement, the Heads of State or Government
expressed their satisfaction at the performance
and achievement of the Movement over
NAM 2012/Doc.1/Rev.2
8
the past fifty years in preserving and
promoting its ideals, principles and purposes as
well as in pursuing the collective
concerns and interests of its membership. In
recognition of the wisdom and
far-sightedness of the Founding Fathers6, leaders of the
Founding Countries7 and other past
leaders of the Movement, they reaffirmed the
Movement’s commitment to safeguard,
uphold and further consolidate its principles,
ideals and purposes.
18. In this regard, and in following
the directives of the XV NAM Summit to
commemorate the fiftieth Anniversary
of the Movement in 2011, to highlight its
achievements and further enhance its
role in the future, the Heads of State or
Government expressed sincere appreciation to the Republic
of Indonesia, the birth
place of the historical Bandung
Principles, for hosting the main commemorative event
of the 50th Anniversary of the
establishment of the Movement on 25 May 2011, in
conjunction with the NAM 16th Ministerial
Conference. In this regard, they welcomed
with appreciation the adoption of the
Bali Commemorative Declaration on the
achievements of the Movement over the
past fifty Years and its plan of action for
further achievements in the future in
order to ensure the continuity and revitalization
of the positive role played by the
Movement in a rapidly changing world.
19. The Heads of State or Government
also expressed
gratitude to the
Republic of
Serbia for organizing an additional
official commemorative ministerial meeting in
Belgrade on the 5th and the 6th of
September 2011, which was attended by the Former
Chairs of the Movement and many other
NAM Members and Observers, to celebrate the
place and the historical legacy of the
City that hosted the First Summit of the Non-
Aligned Movement in 19618. They
further welcomed the related Concluding Remarks by
the Chair of the Non-Aligned Movement
at the Ministerial level that marked the
Belgrade Commemorative Meeting in the
institutional memory of the Movement.
20. The Heads of State or Government acknowledged the national Commemorative
events of the 50th Anniversary of the
establishment of the Movement, including the
event convened by the Government of
Sri Lanka in Colombo on 21 July 2011, and
those held in other member countries.
21. While recognizing with
satisfaction that the membership of the Movement has
grown from 25 Members in 1961 to 120
States Members and 17 Observers in 2011, the
Heads of State or Government welcomed the recent admission of the Republic
of Fiji
and the Republic of Azerbaijan as full
Members in the Movement in 2011, and the
Republic of Argentina as an Observer
in the Movement in 2009.
22. In rededicating the Movement to
its principles, ideals and purposes, and
consistent with the afore-mentioned
principled positions, which should be defended,
preserved and promoted through greater
efforts by the Movement and the existing
mechanisms and arrangements of the
Movement, the Heads of State or Government
agreed to undertake the following measures,
among others:
22.1 Continue making progress in the
process of revitalizing and strengthening
the Movement with a view to achieving
the purposes outlined in both the
Declaration on the Purposes and
Principles and the Role of the Non-Aligned
Movement in the
Present International Juncture and the Document on the
Methodology of the Non-Aligned
Movement adopted at the 14th NAM Summit in
Havana and the Sharm El Sheikh
Declaration, as well as the Bali
Commemorative Declaration, which will
enable the Movement to deal effectively
with the challenges looming ahead.
Consolidate the pro-active approach in the
working dynamic of the Movement,
maintaining and increasing our capacity to
bring forth on behalf of the NAM
concrete proposals in the debates and
presentation of resolutions and other
initiatives at the various United Nations
organs and other international fora
where NAM is represented.
22.2 Disseminate the outcome documents
of the XVI Summit of the Non-
Aligned Movement as official documents
of the United Nations system, as
appropriate;
22.3 Expand the Movement’s scope
wherever its members consider it more
appropriate within the UN agencies or
at other relevant international
organizations or bodies, in accordance
to the relevant decisions by the NAM
Summits and/or Ministerial
Conferences;
22.4 Strengthen and manifest the unity
and solidarity among the membership
of the Movement, particularly with
those Non-Aligned Countries whose peoples
are living under colonial or alien
domination or foreign occupation, and with
those experiencing external threats of
use of force, acts of aggression or unilateral
coercive measures, living in abject
poverty or suffering ill-health, and victims of
natural disasters, bearing in mind
that the Movement cannot afford lack of unity
and solidarity under those
circumstances;
22.5 Sustain the process of reviewing,
analysing and strengthening the
positions of the Movement on
international issues, with a view to further ensure
the adherence to and promotion of its
Founding Principles and the principles
adopted at the 14th NAM Summit and the
Sharm El Sheikh Declaration, as well
as the Bali Commemorative Declaration,
as well as further
consolidate the
common denominators among its
membership;
22.6 Continue to review the role of
the Movement in the context of current
realities and improve, as appropriate,
its structure and methods of work,
including through strengthening
existing mechanisms and arrangements9 and,
creating new ones, as appropriate, and
utilizing them to the fullest, convening of
regular meetings of such mechanisms
and arrangements, generating a more
focused and concise documentation,
strengthening the role of the Chair as
spokesperson of the Movement, working
towards establishing a Back-up
mechanism to assist the Chair, through
taking full advantage of and maximum
benefit from the Movement’s existing
mechanisms and arrangements, with the
aim to continue promoting a more
coordinated, effective and efficient Movement
capable of responding in a timely
manner to international developments affecting
it and its Member Countries;
22.7 Request the Coordinating Bureau
to consider, as appropriate, of all
proposals on enhancing the role and
methods of work of the Movement;
22.8 Continue to support the important
and active role of the NAM
Coordinating Bureau in New York, and
its Working Groups and Caucuses, as well
as to maintain the current mechanism
of the NAM Troika to assist the work of the
Chair in order to enable the Movement
to speak with one voice and to respond in
a timely manner
to international developments, and to promote the sharing of
experiences and brainstorming on
particular issues of interest to the Movement
by the NAM Troika and the Former
Chairs of the Movement. The activities and
deliberations of the NAM Troika and/or
the Former Chairs of the Movement shall
continue to be reported to the
Coordinating Bureau;
22.9 Improve the coordination of the
work of the existing mechanisms of the
Movement in New York, Geneva, Nairobi,
Vienna, Paris and The Hague in the
work of the relevant UN organs and
agencies, upon identifying their respective
priority areas of concern and
competence, bearing in mind the position of the
Coordinating Bureau in New York as the
focal point for coordination of the
Movement and should continue to act as
such;
22.10 Expand and reinforce the ability
and capacity of the Movement for
initiative, representation and
negotiation, as well as its ethical, political and
moral strength and influence;
22.11 Continue to strengthen the
coordination and cooperation as well as
formulation of common positions and
strategies on economic development and
social progress issues with the Group
of 77 and China (G-77) through the Joint
Coordinating Committee of the G-77 and
NAM (JCC)10 in advancing the collective
concerns and interests of developing
countries at the relevant international
forums particularly in the context of
UN reform, and in expanding and deepening
South-South cooperation. Such
coordination must be guided by the Terms of
Reference, adopted between both foras
in 1994;
22.12 Promote coordination and
cooperation between the G-77 and the NAM,
wherever possible at all relevant
multilateral fora to address issues of common
concern to both groupings subject to
their respective competencies;
22.13 Expedite its decision-making and
improve its working methods, in
conformity with the relevant
provisions of the Cartagena Document on
Methodology of the Movement11 and the Document on the Methodology
of the
Non-Aligned Movement adopted at the 14th
NAM Summit in Havana, through
determined and timely action in order
to contribute more effectively in the
multilateral process, with the aim of
enhancing its role and stature as a leading
global force;
22.14 Be more proactive in addressing
international developments which could
adversely impact on the Movement and
its Member Countries;
22.15 Encourage the interaction of the
Ministers responsible for portfolios of
relevance to the Movement, such as
food production and agriculture, energy,
culture, education, health, human
resources, environment, information and
communications, industry, science and technology,
social progress, women and
children, with the aim of enhancing
the effectiveness of the Movement and
increasing the cooperation among its
Member Countries in these areas;
22.16 Expand and deepen its
interaction and cooperation with parliamentarians,
civil society, including
non-governmental organizations, and the private sector of
Non-Aligned Countries on the
recognition that they can perform a constructive
role towards the attainment of the
principles, ideals and purposes of the
Movement; and
22.17 Support, as a further manifestation of
solidarity of the Movement, the
candidatures of Non-Aligned Countries
vis-à-vis non member countries, where
appropriate, to the United Nations
organs and bodies, including the Security
Council and Economic and Social
Council (ECOSOC), as well as all subsidiary
bodies of the General Assembly and the
ECOSOC, bearing
in mind the ensuing
obligation of such Countries whose
candidatures are successful owing to such
support, to defend, preserve and
promote the concerns and interests of the
Movement in those organs and bodies,
without prejudice to their sovereign rights.
The Heads of State or Government also agreed to consider working towards
ensuring adequate
representation of NAM in all international fora.
--
(Table Of
Contents)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
................................................................................................................
4
CHAPTER I: GLOBAL ISSUES
............................................................................................
5
Review of the
International Situation ................................................................................
5
Non-Aligned Movement:
Role and Methods of Work ...........................................................
7
International Law .............................................................................................................
11
Promotion and
Preservation of Multilateralism...............................................................
15
Peaceful Settlement of
Disputes, and Non-Use or Threat of Use of Force ....................... 17
Culture of Peace,
Dialogue among Civilizations, Religions and Cultures, and
Cultural Diversity..............................................................................................................
19
Defamation of Religions ...................................................................................................
23
Right to
Self-Determination and Decolonization .............................................................
24
United Nations:
Follow-up to the 2005 World Summit Outcome, the Millennium
Declaration and the
Outcomes of the Major United Nations Summits and
Conferences .......................................................................................................................
26
United Nations:
Institutional Reform ...............................................................................
29
A. Reform of the United
Nations ...............................................................................................
29
B. Relationship among the
Principal Organs of the United Nations
......................................... 33
C. Revitalization of the
Work of the General Assembly ............................................................
35
D. Selection and Appointment
of the Secretary-General of the United Nations........................ 37
E. Question of Equitable
Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the
Security Council, and other
Matters Related to the Security Council .......................................
37
F. Strengthening of the
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
............................................. 40
G. The Human Rights Council
..................................................................................................
41
H. Post-Conflict
Peacebuilding Activities and the Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) ...............
44
I. United Nations
Secretariat and Management Reform ...........................................................
46
J. United Nations
System-wide Coherence
..............................................................................
48
United Nations:
Financial Situation and Arrangement .................................................. 49
United Nations:
Peacekeeping Operations .......................................................................
51
Disarmament and
International Security ........................................................................
56
Terrorism...........................................................................................................................
70
Democracy ........................................................................................................................
75
North-South Dialogue and
Cooperation ...........................................................................
76
Role of Regional
Organizations ........................................................................................
77
CHAPTER II: ...................................................................................................................
79
REGIONAL AND SUB-REGIONAL
POLITICAL ISSUES ....................................................... 79
Middle East .......................................................................................................................
79
Peace Process
...........................................................................................................................
79
Occupied Palestinian Territory,
including East Jerusalem ......................................................
80
Occupied Syrian Golan
............................................................................................................
86
Lebanon, the Remaining
Occupied Lebanese Lands, and the Consequences of the
Israeli Aggression against
Lebanon
.........................................................................................
86
Africa .................................................................................................................................
88
Chagos Archipelago
.................................................................................................................
88
Libya
........................................................................................................................................
88
Somalia
....................................................................................................................................
89
The
Sudan
................................................................................................................................
91
The Great Lakes Region
...........................................................................................................
92
Zimbabwe
................................................................................................................................
92
NAM 2012/Doc.1/Rev.2
2
Mali
..........................................................................................................................................
93
Western Sahara
.......................................................................................................................
93
Comorian Island of Mayotte
.....................................................................................................
94
Djibouti/Eritrea
........................................................................................................................
94
Gulf of Guinea
..........................................................................................................................
94
Asia ....................................................................................................................................
94
Afghanistan
.............................................................................................................................
94
Iraq and Kuwait
.......................................................................................................................
97
Yemen
......................................................................................................................................
97
Southeast Asia
.........................................................................................................................
98
Syrian Arab Republic
...............................................................................................................
99
Latin America and the
Caribbean ..................................................................................
100
Community of Latin American
and Caribbean States
............................................................ 100
South American Union of
Nations (UNASUR)
......................................................................... 100
First Summit of the
Community of Latin American and Caribbean States.… ........................ 100
ALBA – TCP – PETROCARIBE
................................................................................................
101
Summits of Arab and South
American countries
................................................................... 101
Summits of Africa-South
American Countries
........................................................................ 101
Central America: a Mine-Free
Zone ........................................................................................
101
Zone of Peace: Gulf of
Fonseca
..............................................................................................
101
Belize and
Guatemala............................................................................................................
101
Cuba
......................................................................................................................................
102
Panama
..................................................................................................................................
102
Venezuela
..............................................................................................................................
102
Guyana and Venezuela
.........................................................................................................
103
Bolivia
....................................................................................................................................
103
Ecuador
..................................................................................................................................
104
Paraguay................................................................................................................................
104
Europe .............................................................................................................................
104
CHAPTER III
.................................................................................................................
105
DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL AND HUMAN
RIGHTS ISSUES ................................................ 105
Introduction ....................................................................................................................
105
Current global crises,
in particular the world financial and economic crisis ............. 108
Unemployment ................................................................................................................
110
Africa ...............................................................................................................................
111
Least Developed
Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries, and Small Island
Developing States ............................................................................................................
112
Middle Income Developing
Countries ..............................................................................
114
Low Income Developing
Countries ..................................................................................
115
Trade ...............................................................................................................................
115
South-South Cooperation ................................................................................................
117
Food Security ..................................................................................................................
120
International Migration
and Development .....................................................................
123
Water ...............................................................................................................................
126
Desertification ................................................................................................................
127
Biological Diversity .........................................................................................................
127
The Dead Sea ..................................................................................................................
129
The Caribbean Sea ..........................................................................................................
129
Illegal Fishing and
Dumping of Toxic and Hazardous Waste ....................................... 129
Lake Chad and the River
Niger ......................................................................................
129
Energy .............................................................................................................................
129
Climate Change ...............................................................................................................
131
Human Rights and
Fundamental Freedoms ..................................................................
133
Racism, Racial
Discrimination and Slavery ..................................................................
139
International
Humanitarian Law ...................................................................................
141
Humanitarian Assistance ...............................................................................................
142
Information and
Communication Technology ...............................................................
145
Advancement of Women ..................................................................................................
147
Indigenous Peoples ..........................................................................................................
149
Illiteracy ..........................................................................................................................
150
NAM 2012/Doc.1/Rev.2
3
Health, HIV/AIDS,
Malaria, Tuberculosis and other communicable diseases ............... 150
Transnational Organized
Crime .....................................................................................
153
Trafficking in Persons ....................................................................................................
155
Drug Trafficking .............................................................................................................
156
Corruption .......................................................................................................................
157
Annex I: Member Countries of
the Non–Aligned Movement (120) .................................. 159
Annex II: The Founding
Principles of the Non-Aligned Movement ................................. 160
Annex III: The Principles
enshrined in the Declaration on the Purposes and
Principles and the Role of the
Non-Aligned Movement in the Present International
Juncture
adopted in the 14th NAM Summit in Havana
................................................. 161
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